Yarn and fabric and method of making same



May 30, 1939. R. R. SITZLER ET AL 2,160,178

YARN AND FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed NOV. 16, 1957 INVENTORS RlCHARD R. SITZLER BY LAURENCE C. HQ LT ATTORNEYS Patented May 30, 1939 UNITED STATES YARN AND FABRICAND METHOD or MAK- ING SAME Richard R. Sitzler and Laurence 0. Bolt, Cumberland, Md., assignors to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application November 16, 1937, Serial No. 174,812

3 Claims. 'i-12) This invention relates to a novel plied yarn, to the method of making the plied yarn, and

to the fabric made therefrom. This invention relates more particularly to the production of plied yarns by twisting together a preformed and/or twisted yam with an untwisted yarn of discontinuous filaments.

An object of the invention is the economic and expeditious production'of yarns. Another object of the invention is the production of a single plied yarn from a preformed. yarn and an unformed yarn by twisting the two together in the same operation in which the unformed yarn is produced. A still further object of the invention is the production of a relatively strong yarn having a novel appearance which when woven into a fabric produces a novel effect therein. Other'objects of this invention will appear from the following detailed description and drawing.

In the drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements in their respective views;

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of one form of apparatus for carrying out this invention, and

Fig. 2 is a front view of the same. It is known. that two, three, four or more yarns may be plied or doubled by twisting the yarns together to form a single yarn. In these instances there is a twist differential no matter which way the doubling twist is applied. In such doubling operations there is also produced a composite yarn made up of distinct ends twisted together or one around one another to form 9. cable. In all cases, however, the ends remain visibly distinct. According to the present invention, there is produced a single yarn made 'of two-or more components spun together. The components are twisted together in such a manner that there is a blending of one component 40 with the other component or other components to produce a yarn that does not have the appearance of a cable.

By employing this invention, there is produced not only a new type of yarn, but there is also 45 an economy effected in producing the yarn. For instance, the doubling and twisting operation may be accomplished in one step. Also the staplized or the unformed yarn of discontinuous filaments is formed in the same operation as the doubling operation. By the term staplized yarn is means a yarn composed substantially of discontinuous filaments produced from continuous filament yarn by cutting, tearing, breaking or otherwise severing individual filaments of the yarn to pro- 55 duce an appearance difi'ering from the appearance of continuous filament yarn and approaching the appearance of a yarn formed from short staple fiber, the degree to which the staplized yarn approaches the appearance of a spun yarn, -i. e., a yarn-spun from staplefibre, depending upon the number of severed filaments in a give length of the yarn. The term unformed yarn means a staplized yarnbefore it is twisted, in which condition it lacks strength.

By employing this invention, which comprises 5 running-in a preformed yarn with an untwisted staplizedyarn, a still further economy is effected in that the preformed yarn reduces the number of breaks usually accompanying the production of a twisted, staplized yarn. The preformed or 10 continuous filament yarn that is twisted in with the staplized yarn helps to support the same and prevent breaking thereof.

The yarns produced by this invention when woven into a fabric have really a peculiar charm 15 of appearance and hand which is not found in fabrics heretofore produced.

Referring now to the drawing, there is shown a section of a device for forming the yarn in accordance with this invention, which device also 20 been shown only one section of the device forming one-yarn, whereas in the usual construction of such devices the arrangement is. such that a plurality of yarns are formed.

Mounted in the frame (not shown) is a suitable creel ladapted to support a plurality of bobbins such as 2 and 3. For each yarn to be formed there are at least two ofsuch bobbins. The bobbin 2 carries a supply of continuous filament yarn 4 of no or substantially no twist. The yarn I is drawn from the bobbin 2 over a guide roller 5 and through a pair of bruising rollers 6 and 1. One or both of these rollers are serrated, sand blasted, or otherwise caused to have an irregular surface. As the continuous filament yarn is drawn between the rollers S and I some of the filaments of same are cut or weakened.

The yarn 4 is then passed through a pair of rollers 8 which are adapted to be rotated at a speed greater than the rollers 6 and I. By this means there is a draft on the yarn 4 which tends to pullout the severed filaments and to break and pull out the weakened filaments to form a yarn having substantially no twist which is now composed of a. plurality of discontinuous filaments of varying length, the number of severed filaments depending upon the severeness of the action thereon of the rollers B and l and the amount of draft imparted by the pair of rollers 8. From the bobbin 3 a preformed yarn 9 is drawn over a guide roller it, through a tensioning device it? and then is caused to contact the yarn t as it leaves the rollers 6 and 77. As the yarn 9 is free to be pulled from the bobbin 3 by the rollers t there is no tendency to break or sever the filaments thereon and it passes between the rollers t in the same condition that so packages, such as quills, cones, etc.

it leaves the bobbin 3. The tensioning device I2, which is shown as a gate tensioning device, but which may be substituted by any suitable type of tensioning device, acts merely to maintain a uniform tension on the yarn 9 as it contacts with the yarn 4.

After the yarns 9 and 4 which are in contacting relation leave the rollers 8 they are led through a guide I3 and then to a ring spinning device I4 or other suitable device for imparting twist thereto. After being twisted to a suitable number of turns per inch the composite yarn I5 is wound upon a bobbin 16. Obviously it is within the scope of this invention to employ instead of the bobbins 2 and 3 other types of In place of the ring spinning device I4 there may be sub- .stituted cap spinning devices or other types of devices for imparting twist to the yarn by the rotation of the take-up package.

The continuous filament yarn 4 may be any suitable yarn composed of continuous or sub:

stantially continuous filaments such as the yarns formed from substantially continuous filaments of regenerated or reconstituted cellulose or from the organic derivatives of cellulose such as the cellulose esters and cellulose ethers. Examples of the esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of the cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. It is preferable that the yarn 4 have little or no twist, say from no twist to 5 turns per inch, as a larger number of turns per inch would prevent the rollers 8 from drawing the yarn evenly and to give the appearance of a yarn formed of staple fibers. The yarn 4 after passing between the bruising rollers and the drawing rollers 3 contains substantially discontinuous filaments, the length of which vary greatly in any section of the yarn.

The preformed yarn 53 may be any suitable yarn such as a yarn formed of substantially continuous filaments with little or no twist to a high degree of twist, say up to 75 turns per inch or more. In place of the continuous filament yarn the yarn 9 may be a yarn formed of staple fibers twisted together by the woolen method of spinning, the cotton method of spinning or by any other suitable method, or it may be a yarn formed by the staplized method and may be, for example, a staplized yarn containing from 5 to 75 turns per inch twist. The yarn 9 can be composed of any fiber or filament or mixtures of fibers and filaments of the same or different character. Tm; yarn 9 may contain filaments of regenerated or reconstituted cellulose or the organic derivatives of cellulose, or the yarn ll may be formed of staple fiber such as cotton, wool, linen, etc., or staple fiber formed by cutting continuous filaments of silk, regenerated cellulose, organic derivatives of cellulose, etc., into short lengths and then spinning the same alone or in admixture with any other type of fiber into a yarn.

Obviously any number of supply packages may be provided and the yarns from the same twisted with the staplized yarn. These may all be passed through one tensioning device l2 or a plurality of tensioning devices. The preformed yarns may be led over or under the bruising rollers '5 and I to the drafting rollers 8. By this means yarns may be formed consisting of a staplized yarn and any number of preformed yarns. The invention, however, is particularly applicable to the formation of a yarn made wholly of cellulose acetate filaments by. twisting together a staplized yarn of cellulose acetate and a continuous filament yarn of cellulose acetate, which yarn before it is twisted with the staplized yarn has little or no. twist.

As an illustration of a type of yarn produced by this invention the following example is given:

Example The supply package 2 is filled with a continuous filament yarn having substantially no twist and composed of about 60 filaments of 3 denier each, while the supply package 3 is filled with a substantially continuous filament yarn of cellulose acetate having little or no twist and composed of 40 filaments of 3 denier each. The bruising rollers 8 and 1 and the drawing rollers 8 are so regulated that the yarn 4 coming from the supply package 2 is broken up to appear somewhat like a yarn formed from a staple fiber and it is drafted to a size about equal to that of yarn coming from the supply package 3. The two yarns after leaving the drawing rollers 8 are twisted together with about 8 turns per inch of twist and wound upon the take-up package "5. This yarn is woven both as warp and weft into a fabric having a 1 x 1 weave and with about 64 picks and ends per inch. The fabric is found to have a peculiar but pleasing appearance and hand which is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain by any other method.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A device for making yarn from a preformed yarn and a staplized yarn comprising in combination with a creel adapted to support a plurality of supply packages for each yarn to be formed, of means for severing some filaments of a continuous filament yarn, means for drafting said yarn after some of the filaments have been severed, a tensioning device for regulating the feeding of the preformed yarn and means for twisting together the staplized yarn and the preformed yarn.

2. A device for making yarn from a preformed yarn and a staplized yarn comprising in combination with means adapted to support supply packages for each yarn to be formed, of means r for severing some filaments of a continuous filament yarn, means for drafting said yarn after some of the filaments have been severed, means for feeding the preformed yarn and means for twisting together the staplized yarn and the preformed yarn.

3. A device for making yarn from a preformed yarn and a staplized yarn comprising in combination with means adapted to support supply packages for the yarn to be formed of means including serrated rollers for severing some filaments of a continuous filament yarn, means for drafting said yarn after some of the filaments have been severed, a tensioning device for regulating the feeding of the preformed yarn and means for twisting together the staplized yarn and the preformed yarn.

RICHARD R. SITZLER. LAURENCE C. HOLT. 

